Rabu, 15 Juni 2016

Modals in English Grammar

1.  can
UseExamples
ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to)can speakEnglish.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)Can I go to the cinema?
requestCan you waita moment, please?
offercan lend you my car till tomorrow.
suggestionCan we visitGrandma at the weekend?
possibilityIt can get very hot in Arizona.

2. could

UseExamples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to)could speakEnglish.
permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to)could go to the cinema.
polite question *Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request *Could you waita moment, please?
polite offer *could lendyou my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion *Could we visitGrandma at the weekend?
possibility *It could getvery hot in Montana.

3. may

UseExamples
possibilityIt mayraintoday.
permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)May I goto the cinema?
polite suggestionMay Ihelp you?

4. might

UseExamples
possibility (less possible than may) *It might raintoday.
hesitant offer *Might I help you?

5. must

UseExamples
force, necessitymust go to the supermarket today.
possibilityYou must be tired.
advice, recommendationYou must see the new film with Brad Pitt.

6. must not/may not

UseExamples
prohibition (must is a little stronger)You mustn't work on dad's computer.
You may not work on dad's computer.

7. need not

UseExamples
sth. is not necessaryneedn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight.

8. ought to

simliar to should – ought to sounds a little less subjective
UseExamples
adviceYou ought to drive carefully in bad weather.
obligationYou ought to switch off the light when you leave the room.

9. shall

used instead of will in the 1st person
UseExamples
suggestionShall I carry your bag?

10. should

UseExamples
adviceYou should drive carefully in bad weather.
obligationYou should switch off the light when you leave the room.

11. will

UseExamples
wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would)Will you please shutthe door?
prediction, assumptionI think it will rain on Friday.
promisewill stop smoking.
spontaneous decisionCan somebody drive me to the station? - Iwill.
habitsShe's strange, she'llsit for hours without talking.

12. would

UseExamples
wish, request (more polite than will)Would you shut the door, please?
habits in the pastSometimes he wouldbring me some flowers.

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